京杭大运河杭州段水质历史分析与污染治理对策

历史上京杭大运河杭州段成为各类污水的受纳场所，运河水体长期达不到功能区的要求。1990～2002年的水质监测表明．运河水体污染属于耗氧型和富营养型有机污染。运河两岸截污纳管和引水冲污工程明显改善了运河水质，多数污染因子从2001年开始达标。治理运河污染的策略，首先是截污纳管以控制污染源，通过采用等标污染负荷法评价污染源，得出主要污染源80个．主要污染物为COD、BOD5和NH3-N，据此提出截污纳管的污染治理措施。     

郑州市东风渠滨水景观分析与评价

选取郑州市东风渠作为调查对象,通过实地调查,从生态要素、社会要素和景观要素等3方面对其滨水景观进行分析,提出东风渠滨水景观的优点与不足,将东风渠滨水景观按照景观节点分为25个景观段进行评价。以POE理论为前提通过AHP层次分析法和模糊数学理论进行分析,制定出一套针对东风渠滨水景观的评价体系,在加强景观节点的设计构思、提高创新性和形式美感、提高景观质量等方面对东风渠滨水景观建设提出建议。     

Note on the Taxonomy of Genetta

The recruitment patterns of six teleosts were studied at King’s Beach, Algoa Bay. February to May marked the major recruitment period for Diplodus sargus, Lithognathus mormyrus, Rhabdosargus globiceps and Trachurus capensis. The major recruitment of Sarpa salpa fry took place between August and September. Pomadasys olivaceum fry of < 5 cm total length were caught throughout the year indicating an extended breeding period. The estimated growth rates of new recruits between February and May (autumn/winter) was 0,60 cm month ^-1 for L. mormyrus, 0,75 cm month^-1 for ft globiceps and 0,40 cm month^-1 for T. capensis. The empirical growth curve derived for S. salpa indicated a growth rate of 0,75 cm month^-1. No growth estimates could be made for P. olivaceum or D. sargus.     

Heritable characters of the red blood cells of sheep

Extract

From the start I want to make it clear that the research work described here is the work of one of us (J.V.E.), and the reason why I am presenting his work is that Evans comes from New Zealand and presented a paper on this subject to the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science last September in Sheffield, so that it seemed appropriate that his work should also be presented to this Society.     

Using urea dilution to standardise components of pleural and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in the dog

AIM: To develop a technique to estimate the volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) obtained during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pleural lavage (PL) in the dog, using the urea dilution method.

METHODS: BAL and PL fluids were obtained by saline lavage of pulmonary and pleural cavities of nine clinically healthy mixed-breed dogs immediately after euthanasia. Cell counts in the BAL and PL fluids were measured using standard techniques. The concentration of ELF in each lavage fluid was calculated from the relative concentration of urea in plasma and in each type of lavage fluid. Cell counts in ELF were then calculated.

RESULTS: There were substantially higher cell counts in ELF compared to BAL or PF fluid. However, nucleated cell counts in ELF could not be predicted from cell counts in BAL or PL fluid.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest that accurate assessment of cellular or non-cellular components in lavage fluids should include a calculation of the proportion of ELF recovered, using a method such as urea dilution.     

Atrioventricular septal defects: Natural history,echocardiographic, electrocardiographic,and radiographic findings in 26 cats

ObjectivesTo evaluate signalment, echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and radiographic findings as well as natural history in a group of cats with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD).Animals26 client owned cats.MethodsMedical records were reviewed retrospectively for signalment, morphologic type of AVSD, presence of concurrent congenital heart disease (ConcCHD), diagnostic findings, and natural history.ResultsSeventeen cats had an isolated AVSD; 13/17 had a partial and 4/17 had a complete AVSD. Double outlet right atrium (DORA) was diagnosed in 4/17 cats. Of those with a partial AVSD, 7/13 had an atrial communication while 6/13 had a ventricular communication. Congestive heart failure (CHF) developed in 5/17 cats; all 3 cats diagnosed with a DORA not lost to follow-up developed pulmonary edema. Sudden death was documented in 4/17 (23.5%). The 5 year survival was 53.0% (9/17). Concurrent congenital heart disease was identified in 9/26 cats with 7/9 having a conotruncal abnormality. Electrocardiography was performed in 14 cats with 11/14 diagnosed with a conduction disturbance.ConclusionsOverall the echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings with AVSD are similar to that seen in humans. Cats may have a higher prevalence than humans of partial AVSD with ventricular communication only as well as a higher prevalence of DORA. Cats with an AVSD have an overall guarded prognosis although some can live for a protracted time.     

北疆地区混凝土衬砌渠道损坏原因及治理措施

通过对混凝土渠道损坏的具体原因进行分析,并提出一些相应的治理措施,以期能够对类似情况的混凝土渠道设计提供一定的借鉴。     

基于标量有限体积法的灌溉末级渠系非恒定水流模型

通过区分明渠非恒定流中对流波与重力波属于不同的物理过程,把渠道非恒定流控制方程进行了变形处理,基于标量有限体积法构建了具备高精度和分辨率的灌溉末级渠系非恒定流数值模型。基于文献数据及野外实测数据,对模型的模拟性能进行了验证。结果表明,构建的模型模拟的斗渠和农渠水位值与实测值之间的平均相对误差为2.8%～4.1%,水量平衡误差不大于0.07%,具备良好的模拟性能,为开展末级渠系布置模式及管理研究提供了可靠的数值工具。     

Strategies to improve manual operation of irrigation systems in Sri Lanka

Improvements to normal operational procedures are investigated for the main types of irrigation system identified in Sri Lanka. Scheduled and unscheduled changes of flow regime the systems are likely to experience and the opportunities for improved operations related to the physical characteristics of each type are analyzed.Performance of several alternative manual operational procedures are evaluated and compared using a hydraulic model (Simulation of Irrigation Canal, SIC) for three different irrigation subsystem types (Single Bank canal; Double Bank canal; Canals with intermediate Storage). Results of these simulations show that current practice, based on a fixed frequency of operation of 12 hrs and a target water depth set to the spill level of the cross-regulator, is not far from the optimal for systems without on-line storage. A slight improvement can be expected if the frequency of operation is increased to 6 hrs. For systems with on-line storage it is recommended to split operational procedures into two parts, one related to the canal and one to the storage. Among different options investigated, discharge control at the downstream regulator of the storage appears to be the most reliable as it performs well whatever operation procedures are selected for the canal.Irrigation systems in Sri Lanka are subject to frequent positive flow changes (Supply fluctuations, Runoff, Return-flow changes). As far as water management is concerned, improvements to be expected from normal operation procedures appear to be somewhat limited because management of flow changes is not an objective. For instance little effort is made to harvest runoff under the current practices. One conclusion of the study is that new strategies for the harvest, storage and release of positive flow changes should be tested and, where appropriate, implemented to improve the overall efficiency of operation in irrigation systems in Sri Lanka.     

沙土地区渠道防渗衬砌技术

近几年来,渠道衬砌技术发展较快,类型较多,是节约用地,节省用水,方便管理,提高灌溉效益的有效途径。该文就沙土地区常用的几种渠道衬砌技术的设计,施工,质量控制以及配套建筑物等方面进行了总结,并提出了渠道防渗衬砌施工过程中的注意事项,对沙土地区应用和推广渠道衬砌技术具有直接的指导作用和一定的参考价值。